Optimization of horizontal alignment geometry in road design and reconstruction

This paper presents a general formulation for optimization of horizontal road alignment, composed of tangential segments and circular curves suitably connected with transition curves (clothoids). It consists of a constrained optimization problem where the objective function is given by a line integral along the layout. The integrand is a function representing the cost of the road going through each point and, by considering different costs, a wide range of problems can be included in this formulation. To show it, we apply this methodology to three different situations. The two first cases are related with the design of a new road layout and used to solve a pair of academic examples. The third problem deals with the improvement of a road adapting the old path to current legislation, and it is solved taking as case study the reconstruction project for a regional road (NA-601) in the north of Spain.     

Robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem and the extension to the tail assignment problem

In this paper, we study two closely related airline planning problems: the robust weekly aircraft maintenance routing problem (RWAMRP) and the tail assignment problem (TAP). In real life operations, the RWAMRP solution is used in tactical planning whereas the TAP solution is implemented in operational planning. The main objective of these two problems is to minimize the total expected propagated delay (EPD) of the aircraft routes. To formulate the RWAMRP, we propose a novel weekly line-of-flights (LOF) network model that can handle complex and nonlinear cost functions of EPD. Because the number of LOFs grows exponentially with the number of flights to be scheduled, we propose a two-stage column generation approach to efficiently solve large-scale real-life RWAMRPs. Because the EPD of an LOF is highly nonlinear and can be very time-consuming to accurately compute, we propose three lower bounds on the EPD to solve the pricing subproblem of the column generation. Our approach is tested on eight real-life test instances. The computational results show that the proposed approach provides very tight LP relaxation (within 0.6% of optimal solutions) and solves the test case with more than 6000 flights per week in less than three hours. We also investigate the solutions obtained by our approach over 500 simulated realizations. The simulation results demonstrate that, in all eight test instances, our solutions result in less EPDs than those obtained from traditional methods. We then extend our model and solution approach to solve realistically simulated TAP instances.     

基于Isight和AMESim的液压减振器关键参数集成优化

在AMESim中搭建了某乘用车前悬架双筒充气式液压减振器的仿真模型。以 Isight 为平台集成AMESim,对减振器模型参数进行DOE分析,提取对减振器性能影响较大的参数,作为优化的设计变量。利用Isight中的Pointer智能求解器进行优化。结果表明,经过集成优化后的减振器阻尼力曲线与目标曲线吻合较好,符合工程实际的需要。与传统方法相比,该方法缩短了时间,提高了设计效率,可用于指导减振器阀系参数的设计与性能预测。     

基于多目标优化的兴趣点指路标志布设模型

在指路标志的工程应用中,常要为兴趣点规划一条布设指路标志的指引路径.首先,基于道路网络的拓扑表达,考虑指引路径的长度、交通量和设置指路标志的数量,定义了衡量指引路径优劣的多目标搜索路径度量值.其次,以网络分析为基础,建立了搜寻最优指引路径的模型,从给定入口开始,以广度搜索算法在路网上搜索,并动态更新搜索路径的度量值,直至获取优化的指引路径.最后,以广州大学城为试验区域,利用上述模型计算得到了从南沙港快线出口到中山大学的指路标志布设的规划路径.对比规划路径与最短路径的多目标优化度量值表明:规划路径兼顾了布设路径的便捷性和指路标志牌布设成本的特点,模型是可行有效的.     

多模式区域公交协调调度模型和算法

考虑公交内部及公交和地铁、长途客运之间的换乘衔接问题,满足最小和最大发车间隔等现实约束因素,建立了一类多目标多模式公交协调时刻表模型,在某时段内分别追求非换乘和换乘出行者在所有站点的等车时间最少和所有车辆到达站点时的泊位数最多.利用约束法将该问题转化为单目标规划问题.根据模型特征,设计求解该问题的改进细菌觅食优化算法,定义解的编码方案,设计产生初始种群的启发式算法,将梯度概念引入移动步长进而改进细菌觅食操作.最后,结合一个简单算例,比较单模式和多模式区域公交协调调度之间的差异,分析了站点通行能力对调度结果的影响,并将该算法与其他智能算法进行了比较分析,从而验证了模型和算法的正确性和有效性.     

大断面黄土隧道三岔口区域前期变形分析及开挖优化

为提高大断面黄土隧道关键部位的施工安全,通过监测数据分析,总结宝兰客专14标多个三岔口的变形规律,指出主隧道中台阶开挖和仰拱浇筑分别是变形发展和变形控制的关键时期,由此预测了古城岭隧道3#斜井三岔口的最大变形,并优化了开挖方法,最终较好地控制了变形。     

钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆施工技术优化研究

有吊杆参与的桥梁结构均存在结构线型调整与吊杆索力优化问题,吊杆张拉状况很大程度上可决定桥梁结构最终的外形和内力分布情况。以钢管混凝土拱桥吊杆施工优化关键技术为对象,研究吊杆施工初始张拉力的确定以及不同吊杆张拉顺序对成桥状态的影响。     

智能交通系统中动态路径诱导算法分析

对智能交通中动态路径诱导算法进行较为系统的综述。首先,从微观和宏观角度对动态诱导系统中需要用到的交通参数模型进行分析和比较,并列举几种交通参数模型;然后,对一些经典路网寻优算法进行分析,并引用一些专家学者的研究成果;最后,对动态路径诱导算法的未来发展方向进行探讨。     

六冲河大跨径预应力混凝土斜拉桥预应力后期束优化研究

斜拉桥的发展趋势是跨径超大化、结构轻型化,使其结构受力性能更为复杂,其受力性能的进一步优化显得尤为重要。以混凝土梁预应力理论为基础,选择六冲河主跨438 m大跨径双塔斜拉桥作为研究对象,对斜拉桥中最典型的大跨径双塔斜拉桥的预应力后期束配置进行优化研究,运用大型有限元计算软件Midas Civil对不同预应力度下的结构进行计算,分析其受力性能,使其在结构受力性能和经济性上更为合理,为混凝土斜拉桥预应力设计提供一定的参考。     

基于Synchro的交叉口渠化、相位及配时协调优化

为缓解城市交通拥堵,对邯郸市一个单点交叉口进行晚高峰交通流量调查。根据所获数据,运用Synchro软件对现有交叉口信号配时方案进行仿真优化。基于现状仿真结果提出一种将交叉口渠化并增加左转相位,且利用Webster模型对信号配时重新进行计算的协调优化方案,并将其输入Synchro中以进行仿真评价。研究结果表明:使用Synchro软件进行配时优化可提高交叉口服务水平,而协调优化可使交叉口服务水平及ICU服务水平均得以提升;协调优化效果比直接对交叉口进行信号配时优化的效果更为明显。